Metallographic reagents
Etching reagents are used to examine the structure of metallic materials.
The objective of the micrographic analysis is to highlight the structure of the material (inclusions, grain boundaries, phases, …) using an optical microscope. These reagents act either by preferential chemical attack, or by coloration of certain constituents compared to others.
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| Steel etching nittal 5 % | Lamellar cast iron nittal attack 5 % |
Nital 5% reagent
| Packaging : 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature, a few seconds – Iron and ferrous alloys (cast iron and steel) – Magnesium and its alloys – Tin and its alloys – Pure titanium – Cadmium and its alloys |
– Welding of steels – Ferrite grain boundaries and constituents – Segregation and case hardening zones |
08 RN050 20 |
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Nitric acid 10% reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature – Steels |
– Phases on ferritic welds in steels | 08 RR090 20 |
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Murakami reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature or hot, 60 seconds – Iron and ferrous alloys (cast iron and steel) – Tungsten alloys |
- Carbide highlighting: to blacken carbides, Use at 80°C to boiling under fume hood. – Weakly revealed Σ (sigma) phase after 3min at room temperature. |
08 RR030 20 |
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Kalling n°1 reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature – Martensitic stainless steels |
- To color in black the martensite of stainless steels. – To color the ferrite – To highlight segregations and austenite grain boundaries. |
08 RR040 20 |
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Oberhoffer reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature, 20 seconds – Non-alloyed steels – Low-alloyed steels |
- Primary structures (fiber layer) – Make phosphorus accumulations visible |
08 RR050 20 |
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Keller reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature – Aluminium and its alloys, – Titanium alloys |
– Highlighting of the phases | 08 RR060 20 |
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Kroll’s reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature – Aluminium and its alloys – Titanium alloys (mainly Ti-Al-V(-Sn)) |
– Highlighting of the phases | 08 RR070 20 |
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Marble reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature, 10 seconds – Austenitic steels – High temperature steels – Cobalt superalloys |
- Highlighting of the austenitic phase nuances – Attack of the Σ phase (sigma) – Highlighting of the grain structures |
08 RR080 20 |
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Picral-2 reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature, few seconds – Iron and ferrous alloys (cast iron and steel) |
- Structures composed of ferrite – Reveal carbides. – Reveal fine microstructures. – Revealing the grain boundaries |
08 RR020 20 |
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klemm I reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature – Non-alloy and low-alloy steels – Cast iron – Manganese and zinc steels – Brass and bronze – Low alloyed zinc |
Staining Reagent: – On steels: 40 to 100 sec to color the ferrite, blue and brown depending on the orientation of the grain. Carbides, cementite and phosphides are not colored and remain white – On brass and bronze: 3 min to color b phase, 10 to 60min for β phase – On zinc alloys: 30 sec |
08 RR010 10 |
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klemm II reagent
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature – Manganese alloys – Copper and its alloys (brass and bronze) – Tin and its alloys |
To reveal the austenitic phase of manganese alloys. Reagent for staining and analyzing soft solder: Brass: 6 min for α phase Tin and alloys : 60 to 90 sec |
08 RR010 20 |
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10% soda solution
| Packaging: 1 liter | |||
| Recommendations |
Highlighting | Ref. | |
| Room temperature or 5 sec. at 70°C For all aluminum and its wrought alloys. |
Aluminium welding Phase identification |
08 RS100 20 |
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